Investigaciones en salud mental infanto-juvenil en Chile durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una revisión de alcance / d and youth mental health research in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

En todo el mundo se han descrito efectos negativos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental, especialmente en la población infanto-juvenil. Sin embargo, en Chile, la investigación disponible aún no se ha sistematizado. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar sistemáticamente las publicaciones científicas sobre salud mental infanto-juvenil en Chile durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se buscaron reportes de investigación en las bases de datos WoS, Scopus, SciELO y LILACS. Se incluyeron 13 estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios son heterogéneos en cuanto a sus objetivos e instrumentos utilizados. Varios estudios coinciden en que hay un aumento de los síntomas internalizantes, externalizantes y somáticos en la población infanto-juvenil desde la pandemia. Es necesario promover investigaciones colaborativas y longitudinales e investigaciones que evalúen la eficacia de intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para clínicos, académicos y tomadores de decisión en políticas públicas para que puedan adoptar medidas para mejorar la salud mental de esta población. Palabras Clave: Salud mental, niños, adolescentes, jóvenes, COVID-19.

Abstract. Negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been described worldwide, especially in the child and youth population. However, in Chile, the available research has not yet been systematized. This study aimed to systematically review scientific publications on child and youth mental health in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WoS, Scopus, SciELO, and LILACS databases were searched for research reports. Thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The studies are heterogeneous in terms of their objectives and instruments used. Several studies agree that there is an increase in internalizing, externalizing, and somatic symptoms in the child and youth population since the pandemic. There is a need to promote collaborative and longitudinal research, and research that evaluates the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic interventions. These results may be useful to clinicians, academics, and public policymakers so that they can take steps to improve the mental health of this population. Keywords: Mental health, children, adolescents, youth, COVID-19.

Consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer in clinical practice: A translational approach.

The identification of several genetic mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) has allowed a better comprehension of the prognosis and response to different antineoplastic treatments. Recently, through a systematic process, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) have been described to characterize genetic and molecular mutations in CRC patients. Through CMS, CRC patients can be categorized into four molecular subtypes of CRC by wide transcriptional genome analysis. CMS1 has microsatellite instability and mutations in CIMP and BRAF pathways. CMS2, distinguished by mutations in specific pathways linked to cellular metabolism, also has a better prognosis. CMS3 has a KRAS mutation as a hallmark. CMS4 presents mutations in fibrogenesis pathways and mesenchymal-epithelial transition, associated with a worse prognosis. CMS classification can be a meaningful step in providing possible answers to important issues in CRC, such as the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II, personalized first-line chemotherapy for metastasic CRC, and possible new target treatments that address specific pathways in each molecular subtype. Understanding CMS is a crucial step in personalized medicine, although prospective clinical trials selecting patients by CMS are required to pass proof-of-concept before becoming a routine clinical tool in oncology routine care.